威宁县白萝卜优质生产技术

从播前准备、品种选择、播种方式和方法、田间管理、病虫害防治、适时收获等方面系统阐述了威宁白萝卜的优质生产技术措施，以期为广大农民朋友提供科学的技术指导和参考。     

土壤管理措施对坡耕地侵蚀退化耕层的恢复作用

【目的】紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀严重,研究土壤管理措施对不同侵蚀程度坡耕地耕层侵蚀恢复作用,为紫色土坡耕地耕层质量调控和坡耕地持续利用提供理论及实践依据。【方法】采用单因素方差分析（One-way ANOVA）检验各指标的差异显著性,研究不施肥（CK）、施化肥（F）、施生物炭+化肥（BF）3种土壤管理措施对侵蚀0 cm（S_-0）、侵蚀5 cm（S_-5）、侵蚀10 cm（S_-10）、侵蚀15 cm（S_-15）、侵蚀20 cm（S_-20） 5个不同侵蚀程度坡耕地耕层土壤属性的恢复作用。【结果】（1）随侵蚀程度增加,土壤砂粒含量由38.1%—42.4%逐渐增至44.2%—46.4%,土壤黏粒含量由12.6%—14.8%逐渐减少至9.6%—11.0%;与S_-0、S_-5、S_-10相比,S_-15、S_-20土壤容重显著增大;S_-10侵蚀程度下,土壤抗剪强度最大,在8.71—9.56 kg·cm^-2之间;F、BF处理下S_-15侵蚀程度的土壤稳定入渗率、平均入渗率降幅均最大。（2）不同管理措施下坡耕地耕层土壤属性差异显著,BF处理下土壤砂粒含量小、黏粒含量最大,0—10 cm、10—20 cm土层土壤容重显著低于CK（P<0.05）,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度均显著高于CK、F处理;BF处理下土壤初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、平均入渗率均最大,CK处理最小;与CK处理相比,BF处理土壤抗剪强度显著增大。（3）随侵蚀程度增加,土壤可蚀性K值显著下降,与S_-0相比,S_-20侵蚀程度下土壤可蚀性K值下降0.1960%—0.2192%;BF处理下土壤可蚀性K值最大,F处理次之,CK最小;S_-10侵蚀程度下F、BF处理的K值均较CK增加幅度最大,分别增加0.0684%、0.1404%。【结论】施加生物炭+化肥在改善土壤物质组成、结构特征、提高土壤蓄渗性能等方面较单施化肥效果更为显著,可有效减轻紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤侵蚀,对侵蚀10 cm条件下的坡耕地耕作层（0—20 cm）土壤的改良效果最佳。     

校院两级管理模式下地方农业高校教科研指标体系构建探索与对策研究

校院两级管理是高等院校内部管理体制改革创新的必然趋势,对高等院校盘活存量、激活增量具有重要作用。文章系统梳理了国内外高等院校内部管理体制改革和校院两级管理模式以及教科研指标体系的差异和特征,着重聚焦当前地方农业高校教科研指标体系构建中存在的问题,探析地方农业高校校院两级管理教科研指标体系构建的关键因素和环节,提出了“核心+特色”校院两级指标设置和“个人+团队”教师考核评价方式的两项对策,以期为地方农业高校校院两级管理教科研指标考核和评价提供借鉴和参考。     

基于低影响开发的校园雨水控制及效益分析

以安徽理工大学为研究对象,应用4种低影响开发(LID)方案(植草沟、下沉式绿地、雨水罐和植草沟-下沉式绿地-雨水罐组合)构建雨洪管理模型(SWMM),模拟不同雨水重现期下各种LID方案的水文和水质性能,并评价了经济效益.结果表明:植草沟的径流削减效率最好,可延迟流量峰现时间,且能有效地削减污染负荷;除雨水罐外,另外3种LID实践方案具有良好的环境效益;从成本效益上分析,下沉式绿地和组合LID实践方案的污染物控制效果较好,但其单位削减率成本高,植草沟对污染物控制效果不理想,但其具有最低的单位削减率;若想取得较好的污染物控制效果,则需要投入更大的成本,可以采用下沉式绿地或组合LID实践方案,下沉式绿地或组合LID实践方案不仅能有效削减峰值流量,缓解城市排水管网负荷,且对污染物的削减效果较好.可为中国校园中LID实践的应用决策提供理论支持.     

Performance of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in non-puddled transplanted rainy season rice and its residual effect on growth of the succeeding crop in rice-wheat cropping pattern

Abstract

A study was carried out in sandy clay loam textured soil of Mymensingh, Bangladesh to evaluate weed control efficiency of pre-emergence herbicide pyrazosulfuron-ethyl either alone or in sequential application with post-emergence herbicide in transplanted rainy season rice under non-puddled strip-tilled (NPST) field condition and also to examine the residual effect of those herbicides on germination and growth of the subsequently grown wheat crop. Five treatment combinations of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl were tested against one weedy check and one weed-free check. The study revealed that NPST rice field was mostly infested by grass and sedge weeds and herbicide treatments offered a wide range of control (above 50% to 95%) on all types of weeds. Application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by (fb) orthosulfamuron fb butachlor plus propanil provided the most effective and economic weed control over two years of the study. Moreover, micro-plot bioassay study claimed germination and growth of subsequently grown wheat were not adversely affected by herbicides that were applied in rice. Therefore, application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by post-emergence herbicide could be effective and economic to control weeds in NPST rice under rice-wheat system, but proper rate and time of application should strictly be followed.     

加强农业建设项目监管的对策建议∗ ——以中国热带农业科学院为例

文章介绍了农业科研院所基本建设项目管理的现状，并指出农业建设项目监管中存在管理制度建设不完善、建设项目实施管理不规范、管理队伍专业化程度不高等问题。该文指出建设单位要通过完善农业建设管理制度、强化农业建设项目的实施管理、提升管理队伍能力建设等举措，加强农业基本建设项目监管，全面强化在建项目法律风险防控。     

智慧物流在饲料企业管理中的应用研究

饲料行业的竞争日益激烈,其需要学会使用现代科技提升竞争力,智慧物流就是这些技术之一。智慧物流可以提升饲料企业对原材料和产品在物流过程中的管控。本文试图探索智慧物流如何提升饲料企业的管理。通过智慧物流,饲料企业可以改进生产管理的流程和模式,加强采购管理中的风险管理,追踪产品售后的流向和信息,提升企业的产品质量,保证企业财务数据的真实性和可靠性。     

我国内蒙古西部地区国有林场经营现状与发展问题探析

国有林场在内蒙古林业生态建设中具有骨架作用,是祖国生态安全屏障的重要组成部分与支撑点,也是贯彻落实生态文明建设,践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念不可或缺的重要实施主体。在深入了解与掌握内蒙古自治区西部地区6个市国有林场经营现状的基础上,总结归纳了内蒙古西部地区国有林场经营的特点,深入分析了内蒙古西部地区国有林场面临的问题与困境,并探讨解决这些问题的途径,为国有林场今后的发展提出了合理化建议。     

护林防火技术在森林资源保护中的应用

合理运用护林防火技术可以提升森林资源保护工作的整体质量,推动林业不断发展。本文分析了森林火灾发生的原因,总结了护林防火技术,提出了相关应用对策,以期为减少森林火灾的发生和保护森林资源提供参考。     

Site‐specific management is crucial to managing Mikania micrantha

Increasingly, weeds have been taking on global distributions. With the proliferation of invasive weeds has come the challenge of managing these species over broad geographical regions, with diverse habitats and political jurisdictions. Here, we review the management of Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae; mile‐a‐minute) throughout its invaded range, extending through most of the Pacific islands and southern and south‐east Asia. Context matters when determining the best course of action for managing M. micrantha, as it has invaded a large variety of agricultural and natural systems. In Queensland, Australia and Florida, USA, M. micrantha has been targeted in relatively successful eradication campaigns, highlighting the importance of early detection and rapid response methods, while elsewhere in its invaded range, populations are either still increasing or showing limited signs of decline. An inter‐regional approach to research and management should incorporate successful management strategies employed throughout the invaded range including, but not limited to, chemical and cultural control practices, manual and mechanical control, classical biological control using the rust fungus Puccinia spegazzinii, plant–plant competition and integrated approaches utilising two or more control methods concurrently. Additional knowledge of M. micrantha genetics is required to determine if management approaches could be fine‐tuned for particular populations. Countries bordering the Mekong River formed a network in 2011 to co‐ordinate the management of invasive species such as M. micrantha. Expanding such a collaborative approach to other regions could further reduce populations of M. micrantha and limit its spread.